山东中西部后向发展雷暴初步研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

侯淑梅  俞小鼎  张少林  刘畅  王俊  万明波 《气象学报》2015,73(5):819-836

基于山东济南新一代天气雷达多年资料,首先提出后向发展雷暴的概念,并规定了普查标准。通过普查2005—2012年8年济南多普勒天气雷达资料,选取了75个后向发展雷暴个例,分析了山东中西部后向发展雷暴的统计特征,给出了常见的3种后向发展雷暴概念模型。选取典型个例,分别对3种类型后向发展雷暴的演变方式及其物理机制进行了初步分析,为山东中西部后向发展雷暴的生成和演变提供了初步的认识。结果表明:(1)后向发展雷暴主回波以带状为主,生命史1—5 h,最大反射率因子在50 dBz以上,移动路径有西—西北、西南、原地新生3种类型;(2)新回波初生时间发生在16—17时(北京时)最多,初生地点在鲁西北和鲁中山区一带,强度一般在30 min内超过40 dBz,生命史在1 h以上,74.7%的新生回波与主回波合并或连接;(3)山东省中西部具有后向发展特征的对流系统产生的灾害性天气以冰雹和雷暴大风为主,很少伴随暴雨灾害;(4)新回波的源地特征可以分为随主回波移动、沿同一方向延伸以及位于两雷暴群之间3种类型;多个雷暴群共存时,新回波的源地介于两个回波带之间,使二者逐渐趋为一体;(5)当主回波传播方向与其长轴相交时,其长轴方向转向,距离新回波较远的一侧减弱;当主回波传播方向与其长轴方向一致,新回波源地位于主回波长轴的延长线上时,主回波加强;(6)天气尺度系统为后向发展雷暴提供了条件不稳定的大气层结和丰富的水汽,地面辐合线和冷池前沿阵风锋是产生新雷暴的主要抬升触发机制;适当的低层垂直风切变有利于新雷暴持续产生并加强;地形的阻挡使新回波源地在同一地点停滞,冷池阵风锋在低层风引导下沿地形向下游移动,新回波源地也随之移动。  相似文献   

西藏念青唐古拉山帕戈勒中新世二云母花岗岩成因机制及对稀有金属铍成矿能力的指示     

张霖原  杨竹森  侯增谦  徐培言  刘畅  谢兰魁 《地质学报》2023,97(4):1046-1066

淡色花岗岩是研究浅部地壳物质成分和碰撞造山带地球动力学过程的理想对象,也是稀有金属成矿的重要载体。本文研究的帕戈勒二云母花岗岩发育在西藏冈底斯念青唐古拉复式花岗岩岩基的西南侧,以岩株和岩枝形式产出,局部偶见绿柱石。精细的锆石U-Pb定年显示,岩体结晶成岩年龄为18.4 Ma和17.6 Ma,形成于中新世。岩体具有高的SiO₂(72.78%～75.53%)和K₂O(4.83%～5.52%)含量,低的Al₂O₃(13.42%～14.60%)、MgO(0.10%～0.24%)、TFe₂O₃(0.86%～1.65%)含量,A/CNK为1.04～1.12,属于过铝质高钾钙碱性-钾玄质花岗岩。(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i=0.712139～0.713545,ε_Nd(t)=-9.0～-8.3,Nd二阶段模式年龄t_DM2=1211～1468 Ma,²⁰⁶  相似文献   

中国海及邻区盆地现今地温场特征及其影响因素     

唐晓音  钟畅  杨树春  胡圣标 《地质学报》2023,97(3):911-921

现今地温场是构造活动、岩石圈热状态的综合反应,对研究盆地的区域构造演化、深部岩石圈结构和评估油气潜力具有重要意义。地温梯度和大地热流是表征沉积盆地热状况的两个基本参数。虽然我国大陆地区地热数据较丰富,并已经过四次系统汇编,但中国海及邻区盆地地热数据报道较少,且未经过系统整理。本文基于近年来新增的钻井温度数据,新增计算研究区810个地温梯度数据,并收集了国内外数据库、期刊的地热数据,在此基础上,首次系统整理了中国海及邻区盆地地温梯度数据和大地热流数据,绘制了其等值线图,分析了研究区现今地温场特征并讨论了其影响因素。研究结果表明,中国海及邻区盆地平均地温梯度43.2±25.7℃/km,平均大地热流74.4±26.6 mW/m²,多数盆地平均大地热流高于65 mW/m²,属于“热盆”;地温场分布总体呈现较为明显的“两带性”,其中近岸带较冷,远岸带较热;研究区现今地温场特征直接或间接地受控于其所处的构造环境,整体上是太平洋板块等多板块作用下岩石圈伸展减薄的结果,局部地区的热异常可能与断裂活动、岩浆活动、泥-热流底辟活动等因素有关。  相似文献   

Comprehensive diag”nostic review of the (13)~C-enriched crude oils exemplified by TD2∈ and TZ62S in Tarim Basin,NW China     

Hu Liu  Zewen Liao  Haizu Zhang  Yankuan Tian  Bin Cheng  Xiaohong Chang 《中国地球化学学报》2015,(1):62-68

The crude oils typically from the CambrianLower Ordovician source rocks of Tarim Basin, NW"China, such as TD2 and TZ62S, are13C-enriched with the stable carbon isotopic ratios(VPDB) approaching-28 %.In this paper, the main research viewpoints on this issue are summarized, and combined with results from organic and inorganic carbon isotope stratum curves of the outcrop at the Ya’erdang Mountain in Tarim Basin. In addition, more alternative interpretations are discussed. On one hand, the inverse fractionation features of stable carbon and hydrogen isotopes of these crude oils may imply their protogenous nature. On the other hand, the anisotropy of source rocks and contribution from older stratum source rocks need verifying as well. For the sake of the final resolution of this issue, some further study topics are recommended.  相似文献   

浅析全数字测图方法在高精度多要素地形图测量中的应用     

贾高  常健  马强 《岩土工程技术》2015,(2):69-72

全数字测图有高精度、速度快、内外业一体化作业的优势,近年来随着GPS、GIS技术的发展,全数字测图又得到了迅速地发展与应用。在多要素地形图测量中,全数字测图的优势得到了充分地发挥。结合某研究院科研区大比例尺地形图测绘实例介绍了切实应用的几种测量方法,为相似工程提供参考。  相似文献   

湘西碳酸岩山区页岩气地震勘探采集技术研究     

曾维望  常锁亮 《中国煤炭地质》2015,(1):66-71,76

湖南湘西碳酸盐岩山区不同时期灰岩出露,岩性变化较大,且受风化、淋滤、剥蚀作用,溶洞、裂缝十分发育,导致地震波能量衰减严重,且地震波传播路径和地震波场的复杂,地震原始资料信噪比较低。针对上述问题,采用单/双井微测井相结合的精细浅表层结构调查方法,结合药柱长度和爆炸理论计算出的爆炸半径,动态设计井深激发方式。通过室内模拟计算,研究低频检波器多串、线性等组合接收方式在区内压制面波、折射波、多次折射及侧面波等多波干扰的效果,最终选择2串24个检波器等灵敏度组合及小道距、高覆盖观测等关键采集技术。实践表明,该区选择的观测系统较好的克服了南方岩溶地区地震勘探信噪比低的问题,具有极强的推广价值。  相似文献   

胡杨(Populus euphratica)异形叶叶绿素荧光动力学   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘晓晴  常宗强  马亚丽  吴雨霞 《中国沙漠》2014,34(3):704-711

荒漠地区的胡杨(Populus euphratica)叶片为多态形,呈现出由披针形叶到锯齿卵圆形叶的规律性变化。为了研究胡杨异形叶的电子传递和光能吸收、分配和耗散对额济纳荒漠地区的适应特征,分别连续测定了生长季内胡杨两种典型叶片(披针形叶和锯齿卵圆形叶)的叶绿素荧光诱导动力学曲线。结果表明:(1)锯齿卵圆形叶的光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)原初光能转换效率(Fv/Fm)和PSⅡ的潜在活性(Fv/Fo)、光能利用参数(PI)高于披针形叶,QA的积累量(Vj)、QA还原的相对速率(Mo)小于披针形叶;(2)锯齿卵圆形叶的反应中心密度(RC/CSo)、单位横截面积上电子传递能量(ETo/CSo)高于披针形叶,单位横截面积上耗散的能量(DIo/CSo)以及单位反应中心上的能量流参数(ABS/RC、ETo/RC、TRo/RC、DIo/RC)低于披针形叶;(3)锯齿卵圆形叶用于光化学反应和电子传递的能量比例(ΦPo、Ψo、ΦEo)大于披针形叶,非光化学猝灭的最大量子产额(ΦDo)小于披针形叶。这说明,胡杨锯齿卵圆形叶相对披针形叶具有更有效的能量分配策略,对极端环境条件的适应性更强。  相似文献   

Anatomizing the Ocean’s Role in Maintaining the Pacific Decadal Variability     

Jia-Yuh  YU  and Cheng-Wei  CHANG 《大气科学进展》2014,31(3):611-623

ABSTRACT The role of ocean dynamics in maintaining the Pacific Decadal Variability （PDV） was investigated based on simulation results from the Parallel Ocean Program （POP） ocean general circulation model developed at the Los Alamos National Laboratory （LANL）. A long-term control simulation of the LANL-POP model forced by a reconstructed coupled wind stress field over the period 1949-2001 showed that the ocean model not only simulates a reasonable climatology, but also produces a climate variability pattem very similar to observed PDV. In the Equatorial Pacific （EP） region, the decadal warming is confined in the thin surface layer. Beneath the surface, a strong compensating cooling, accompanied by a basin-wide-scale overturning circulation in opposition to the mean flow, occurs in the thermocline layer. In the North Pacific （NP） region, the decadal variability nonetheless exhibits a relatively monotonous pattern, characterized by the dominance of anomalous cooling and eastward flows. A term balance analysis of the perturbation heat budget equation was conducted to highlight the ocean＇s role in main- taining the PDV-like variability over the EP and NP regions. The analyses showed that strong oceanic adjustment must occur in the equatorial thermocline in association with the anomalous overturning circulation in order to maintain the PDV-like variability, including a flattening of the equatorial thermocline slpoe and an enhancement of the upper ocean＇s stratification （stability）, as the climate shifts from a colder regime toward a warmer one. On the other hand, the oceanic response in the extratropical region seems to be confined to the surface layer, without much participation from the subsurface oceanic dynamics.  相似文献   

The climate regime shift over the Pacific during 1996/1997     

Chi-Cherng Hong  Yi-Kai Wu  Tim Li  Chih-Chun Chang 《Climate Dynamics》2014,43(1-2):435-446

A climate regime shift (CRS) in the Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) pattern was identified in 1996/1997. This decadal SST change is characterized by a warming over the equatorial western Pacific (EWP) and mid-latitude North and South Pacific and a cooling in the equatorial central Pacific (ECP). The large-scale atmospheric circulation change associated with this CRS exhibits a pair of low-level anticyclonic (cyclonic) gyres off the EWP (ECP) and a zonal-vertical overturning circulation anomaly along the equator. Both the empirical orthogonal function and singular vector decomposition analyses indicate that the CRS signal in 1996/1997 is robust. A mixed layer heat budget analysis suggests that the abrupt change of SST in the EWP and ECP is attributed to different physical processes. The abrupt warming over the EWP was initiated by a short wave radiation (SWR) anomaly in association with a preceding warming in the ECP. The cooling in the ECP happened about 6 months later than that of the EWP and was primarily attributed to anomalous oceanic zonal and vertical temperature advections.  相似文献   

Combined effect of El Niño-Southern Oscillation and Pacific Decadal Oscillation on the East Asian winter monsoon   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ji-Won Kim  Sang-Wook Yeh  Eun-Chul Chang 《Climate Dynamics》2014,42(3-4):957-971

Using long-term observational data and numerical model experiments, the combined effect of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) on the variability of the East Asian winter monsoon is examined. In the observations, it is found that when the ENSO and PDO are in-phase combinations (i.e., El Niño/positive PDO phase and La Niña/negative PDO phase), a negative relationship between ENSO and East Asian winter monsoon is significantly intensified. In other words, when El Niño (La Niña) occurs with positive (negative) PDO phase, anomalous warm (cold) temperatures are dominant over the East Asian winter continent. On the other hand, there are no significant temperature anomalies when the ENSO and PDO are out-of-phase combinations (i.e., El Niño/negative PDO phase and La Niña/positive PDO phase). Further analyses indicate that the anticyclone over the western North Pacific including the East Asian marginal seas plays an essential role in modulating the intensity of the East Asian winter monsoon under the changes of ENSO–PDO phase relationship. Long-lasting high pressure and warm sea surface temperature anomalies during the late fall/winter and following spring over the western North Pacific, which appear as the El Niño occurs with positive PDO phase, can lead to a weakened East Asian winter monsoon by transporting warm and wet conditions into the East Asian continent through the southerly wind anomalies along the western flank of the anomalous high pressure, and vice versa as the La Niña occurs with negative PDO phase. In contrast, the anomalous high pressure over the western North Pacific does not show a prominent change under the out-of-phase combinations of ENSO and PDO. Numerical model experiments confirm the observational results, accompanying dominant warm temperature anomalies over East Asia via strong anticyclonic circulation anomalies near the Philippine Sea as the El Niño occurs with positive PDO phase, whereas such warming is weakened as the El Niño occurs with negative PDO phase. This result supports the argument that the changes in the East Asian winter monsoon intensity with ENSO are largely affected by the strength of the anticyclone over the western North Pacific, which significantly changes according to the ENSO–PDO phase relationship.  相似文献